Macular Degeneration
Macular Degeneration is an age-related disease which negatively impacts the retina. The macula, which is the center of vision in the retina, is damaged as this disease takes course. Macular degeneration is categorized into “wet” and “dry” forms. The dry form of macular degeneration may involve calcifications forming in the retina, and the retinal cells may begin to decrease through a process call atrophy. The wet form of macular degeneration involves new blood vessels growing under the retina, causing scarring and swelling on the retinal tissues.
Macular degeneration is the leading cause of poor vision in senior age patients. The condition involves the macula breaking down. It causes vision to become gray or hazy, and in some areas, vision is lost. The exact cause of the breakdown of the retina is unknown, but studies have shown a relationship between smoking, high cholesterol, or genetics causing a person to develop macular degeneration.
Decreased function of the central retina is a direct result of macular degeneration. The retina is the most important part of the vision process. As the retina becomes worse, a patient notice objects not appearing as colorful as they once had. Progressively, the disease causes more damage to the retina, and objects may appear to be missing pieces. Lines that used to be straight may suddenly be blurry or wavy.
Currently, there is no cure for macular degeneration, but there are a number of treatments available that may slow the process or halt the disease. Studies are always underway to determine the exact cause and develop a cure. Most macular degeneration patients will only experience mild to moderate visual loss over time. If wet macular degeneration occurs, vision loss may occur much more rapidly and can be severe. Patient may gain a little vision with treatments but once vision is lost it is hard to restore.
Frequently Asked Questions About Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration most commonly develops after age 55, with risk increasing significantly with age. Regular comprehensive eye exams become especially important once you reach your mid-fifties, even if your vision seems unaffected.
Yes — having a parent or sibling with macular degeneration increases your own risk of developing the condition. If you have a family history, it’s important to mention this to your eye doctor so they can monitor you more closely.
An Amsler grid is a simple tool your doctor can provide to check for early warning signs, such as straight lines appearing wavy or blank spots in your central vision. Checking each eye separately on a regular basis can help catch changes early, between your scheduled exams.
Wet macular degeneration is often treated with injectable medications that help stop abnormal blood vessel growth and reduce swelling in the retina. These treatments can help slow vision loss and, in some cases, improve vision, though they typically require ongoing, regular appointments.
Not smoking, maintaining healthy cholesterol levels, and eating a diet rich in leafy greens and omega-3 fatty acids may help support long-term eye health. While these changes can’t guarantee prevention, they’re supported by research as factors that may reduce risk or slow progression.
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